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= Quality Software Management: Vol 3 = | Quality Software Management: Vol 3 |
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== Part I. 나 자신을 관리하기 == | = Part I. 나 자신을 관리하기 = |
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=== Chapter 1. 왜 일치성이 관리에 핵심적인가 (Why Congruence is Essential for Managing) === | == Chapter 1. 왜 일치성이 관리에 핵심적인가 (Why Congruence is Essential for Managing) == |
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== Chapter 2. 관리를 선택하기 (Choosing Management) == Summary 1. Congruent managers are hard to find in software engineering, partly because of the way our organizations choose and develop their managers. 2. Boehm says, "Poor management can increase software costs more rapidly than any other factor." A cost driver of 64 would be a conservative estimate for management, because of the many ways poor management can increase costs—or even create total project failure. 3. Managers often seem to allocate improvement efforts in reverse order of cost-driver impact, putting least effort into the most important driver, management itself. 4. The One-Dimensional Selection Model for managers is based on three faulty assumptions, namely: * Managers are born, not made. * People can be ranked on a one-dimensional scale. * The scale for programming is the same as the scale for management. * As a result of this model, we tend to move the strongest technical people to management, a practice that weakens both management and the technical staff. 5. Team leaders can be effective at improving software quality, but the job of team leader is not the same as the job of manager. Nor will the best team leaders necessarily make the best managers. 6. People who don't want to be managers in the first place are starting their management careers in an incongruent position, one that will be difficult to improve over time. 7. People who go into management to pursue an unworthy vision will be unworthy managers. I hope this book won't help them. |
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== 6.7 What Congruent Managers Do (일치적인 관리자가 하는 것들) == | === 6.7 What Congruent Managers Do (일치적인 관리자가 하는 것들) === |
Quality Software Management: Vol 3
QSM의 3권. 관리자의 일치적인 행동에 대한 책이다. 리더십의 MOIJ 모델, Congruence 등의 주제에 대해 다룬다.
Part I. 나 자신을 관리하기
Chapter 1. 왜 일치성이 관리에 핵심적인가 (Why Congruence is Essential for Managing)
Summary
- This book is about how to become the kind of high-quality, effective software engineering manager needed to produce high-quality software. First and foremost among the requirements for such a manager is the ability to act in congruence with your beliefs.
- Cybernetics says managers can be seen as controllers of feedback systems. To manage an engineering system by feedback control, a manager as controller needs to
- plan what should happen
- observe what significant things are really happening
- compare the observed with the planned
- take actions needed to bring the actual closer to the planned
- Effective managers must know what to do, but they must also be able to act in accordance with that knowledge.
- Ashby's Law of Requisite Variety says the action taken by the controller must be congruent with the situation. When people are not tapping their full variety of potential actions, they are coping incongruently.
- For control purposes, it doesn't matter why managers are unable to exhibit the requisite variety of action. Managers acting incongruently may not be capable of controlling the system they are trying to control. If so, the organization they manage will be unlikely to produce high-quality software, regardless of the reasons for their incongruence.
- Technology is obviously important to the consistent delivery of high-quality software and software services, but in today's software organizations, management is the number one random process element. Not only that, but incongruent management stands in the way of improving all the other random process elements.
- The personal effectiveness of people is what integrates all the other components of software engineering management. You'll never get a Pattern 3 organization with Pattern 2 managers. Instead, you start by getting the effective managers, then they lead the others.
- The task of this volume is to address the major obstacles managers face in attempting to use full and appropriate variety in their actions.
Chapter 2. 관리를 선택하기 (Choosing Management)
Summary
- Congruent managers are hard to find in software engineering, partly because of the way our organizations choose and develop their managers.
- Boehm says, "Poor management can increase software costs more rapidly than any other factor." A cost driver of 64 would be a conservative estimate for management, because of the many ways poor management can increase costs—or even create total project failure.
- Managers often seem to allocate improvement efforts in reverse order of cost-driver impact, putting least effort into the most important driver, management itself.
- The One-Dimensional Selection Model for managers is based on three faulty assumptions, namely:
- Managers are born, not made.
- People can be ranked on a one-dimensional scale.
- The scale for programming is the same as the scale for management.
- As a result of this model, we tend to move the strongest technical people to management, a practice that weakens both management and the technical staff.
- Team leaders can be effective at improving software quality, but the job of team leader is not the same as the job of manager. Nor will the best team leaders necessarily make the best managers.
- People who don't want to be managers in the first place are starting their management careers in an incongruent position, one that will be difficult to improve over time.
- People who go into management to pursue an unworthy vision will be unworthy managers. I hope this book won't help them.
6.7 What Congruent Managers Do (일치적인 관리자가 하는 것들)
Leadership is the ability to create an environment in which everyone is empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems.
리더십은 문제를 해결하는데 있어 모든 사람이 창조적으로 기여할 수 있도록 환경을 조성하는 능력이다.
- offering positive reinforcement
- 긍정적 강화를 제공해준다.
- giving precise and clear instructions, and always being willing to clarify when they're not clear
- 정확하고 명확하게 지시한다. 그리고 지시받는 사람이 잘 이해하지 못할 때는 기꺼이 이해시켜준다.
- not constraining workers any more than is essential
- 꼭 필요한 것 이외에는 일하는 사람을 제약하지 않는다.
- letting people fully explore the possibilities
- 사람들이 가능성을 충분히 탐색하도록 해준다.
- simplifying tasks whenever possible, yet making sure the tasks aren't insultingly easy
- 가능하면 작업을 단순화한다. 하지만 모욕적일만큼 너무 쉽게 하지는 않는다.
- making the time frames clear and giving the reasoning behind them
- 시간 제약을 명확하게 하고, 시간제약의 이유를 설명해준다.
- paying attention to people's skills
- 사람들의 스킬에 관심을 가진다.
- balancing the workload among all employees
- 모든 직원들간의 업무부하를 고르게 조정한다.
- ensuring there is some real part for everyone to play
- 모든 사람에게는 자신이 정말로 잘 할 수 있는 분야가 있다고 확신한다.
- teaching how to be supportive by being supportive of employees and of each other
- teaching how to trust by trusting each other and the customers
- remembering what it's like to be an employee and to be managed
- answering questions correctly and honestly to build trust
- getting good consulting advice and using it
- creating a vision of the problem and communicating it clearly to everyone
- providing organizational guidance whenever employees need it
- setting things up so people can experience early success
- not asking people to do things they aren't able or willing to do
- creating an environment in which it's okay to have fun
# QSM Vol 3-1. Managing Yourself and Others ## Part I. Managing Yourself ### Chapter 1. Why Congruence is Essential for Managing 왜 (굳이) 행동과 생각이 일치(congruent)해야 하는가? 아는 것 vs 행동하는 것. 이전 볼륨에서, 엔지니어링 시스템을 피드백 제어를 통해 관리하기 위해서, 컨트롤러로서 매니저는 아래와 같은 것들을 해야 한다고 말했다: * 무엇이 일어나야 하는지 계획하고 * 어떤 중요한 일들이 실제로 일어나는지 관찰하고 * 계획된 것과 관찰된 것을 비교하고 * 실제를 계획에 좀 더 가까워지도록 행동을 취하고 이 새 QSM 시리즈의 첫 두 권은 계획(planning)에 중점을 둔다. 3,4권은 관찰(ovserving)과 비교(comparing)에 중점을 둔다. 이 권(5,6)은 행동(action)에 중점을 둔다. 행동에 중심을 두는게 좀 이상해보일지 모른다. 어떤 사람들은 일단 계획이 세워지면, 행동은 으례 따라오는 것이라고 생각한다. 하지만 나는 관리자들이 무엇을 해야 하는지 꽤 잘 알지만 뭔가 그것을 행동하는데 부족한 상황을 많이 목격했다. 이를테면, * 어떤 관리자는 프로젝트를 제 시간에 끝내는 것은 전혀 가망 없는 일이라는 것을 알았지만, 그녀의 상사에게 대안에 대해 이야기하기 위해 논의를 시작할 수 없었다. * 어떤 관리자는 지연된 프로젝트에 개발자를 더 투입하는 것이 일을 느리게 만들 뿐이라는 것을 알았지만, 아무 것도 하지 않는 것처럼 보이는 위험을 감수할 수 없었다. * 어떤 관리자는 사람들에게 소리지르는 것이 상황을 나쁘게 만든다는걸 알았지만, 그들에게 소리지르는 것을 멈출 수가 없었다. * 어떤 관리자는 한 직원이 냄새가 너무 많이 나서 다른 사람이 그와 함께 일하지 못할 지경이라는 것을 알았지만, 그 직원에게 그에 대해 이야기할 수가 없었다. * 어떤 관리자는 어느 직원이 임무에 적격이라는 것을 알았지만, 다른 사람을 선택했는데, 그가 최선의 후보자를 싫어했기 때문이었다. * 어떤 관리자는 그들이 해결하려는 문제를 명확하게 이해하지 않고서는 프로젝트가 진행되지 않을 것이라는걸 알았지만, 개발자들이 코드를 작성하기 시작하고자 하는 열망에 저항할 수가 없었다. * 어떤 관리자는 그녀가 지키지 못할 약속은 하지 말아야 한다는 것을 알았지만, 인간관계 상황의 어려움을 타개하기 위해서 계속 약속을 해나갔다.