Diff for "EmpiricalFindingsFromTheNatureOfOrder"

http://www.livingneighborhoods.org/library/empirical-findings.pdf

ChristopherAlexander 자신이 쓴 글인가보다.

TheNatureOfOrder, 4권짜리 책으로, 1975년부터 2005년까지 30여년간의 기간에 주로 저작했는데, I have tried to construct a coherent picture of life on earth, which makes sense of these matters, and gives us something to live for, and worth living for.

Book 1: The Phenomenon of Life

To lay a groundwork for understanding built environments which support human well-being, I began about 40 years ago, searching for, defining, and identifying, patterns of space that recurred in buildings, each one dealing with a particular range of problems that was likely to occur in the world of building.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, I began to notice that these 250 patterns were themselves special cases of a small number of much deeper configurational properties. ... In the end, I had identified 15 of these properties. ... indeed all "good" structure would be composed of these fifteen fundamental properties.

1. 이전에는 알려지지 않았던 현상이 artifact들에서 관찰되었다. 이를 "생명" 또는 "전체성"이라고 부를 수 있다. 이 특성(quality)은 어떤 예술 작품, 유물, 건물, 공공 공간, 방, 건물의 일부 및 기타 다양한 인간 유물에서 발견되었다. A previously unknown phenomenon has been observed in artifacts. It may be called “life” or “wholeness.” This quality has been noticed in certain works of art, artifacts, buildings, public space, rooms, parts of buildings, and in a wide range of other human artifacts.

2. The idea of how much life is in things is objective in the sense of observation, and is thus common to people of different inclinations and different and cultures. This is a surprise, since it seems to contradict the accepted wisdom of cultural relativity (demonstrated).
3. This quality of life seems to be correlated with the repeated appearance of fifteen geometric properties—or geometrical invariants—that appear throughout the object’s configuration (demonstrated).

4. 우리는 이 품질을 기하학적 측면에서 볼때 '살아있는 구조'라고 부르기 시작했다. We began to refer to this quality, when viewed in its geometrical aspect, as 'living structure'

5. The appearance of living structure in things—large or small—is also correlated with the fact that these things induce deep feeling, and a feeling of connectedness in those who are in the presence of these things (demonstrated).
6. Degree of life is an objective quality that may be measured by reliable empirical methods. The empirical test that most trenchantly predicts “life” in things, in comparing two things, is a test that asks which of the two induces the greater wholeness in the observer, and/or which of the two most nearly resembles the observer’s inner self (demonstrated).
7. Astonishingly, in spite of the vast variety of human beings, human culture, and human character, there is substantial agreement about these judgments—thus suggesting a massive pool of agreement about the deep nature of a “human self,” and possibly suggesting that we may legitimately speak of “the” human self (at least strongly indicated).
8. 15가지 속성은 살아있는 센터가 다른 살아있는 센터들을 지원할 수 있는 방법이다. 센터는 공간에서 The fifteen properties are the ways in which living centers can support other living centers (demonstrated). A center is a field-like centrality that occurs in space.
9. In phenomena ranging in scale from 10-15 to 10-8 meters, on the surface of the Earth again ranging from 10-5 to 105 meters, and then again at cosmological scales ranging from 109 to 1026 meters, the same fifteen properties also occur repeatedly in natural systems.
10. There is substantial empirical evidence that the judged quality of buildings and works of art—judged by knowledgeable people who have the experience to judge their quality with some objectivity—are predicted by the presence and density of the fifteen properties (demonstrated).
11. It is possible that the properties, as they occur in artifacts, may originate with cognition, and work because of cognition, and that is why we respond to them.
12. But that cannot explain why they also occur and recur, and play such a significant role in natural phenomena.
13. Centers appear in both living and non-living structures. But in the living structures, there is a higher density and degree of cooperation between the centers, especially among the larger ones - and this feature directly from the presence of the fifteen properties, and the density with which they occur (demonstrated).

Book 2: The Process of Creating Life

How does this living structure come into being? Where does it come from? And why do these structural properties keep recurring?

This shows us, by default, that beauty does not come about automatically. Yet in nature it does seem to come about without effort!