Reflective Practice

Reflective practice refers to how individuals engage in critical reflection on their own action. It is associated with the work of DonaldSchön (1983, 1987, 1991; Jarvis, 1999; Raelin, 2000). Reflective practice may be a specific dimension of action research, as indeed we will argue in the next chapter, but by and large published accounts of reflective practice focus only on the individual and generally do not consider any organizational dynamics or outcomes related to the individual’s action.

Schon (1983) reflects on four ways that reflective practitioners might engage in 'reflective research'

  1. Frame analysis: when practitioners become aware of their ‘frames’ and consider alternatives.

  2. Repertoire building research: accumulating and describing examples of reflection in action.

  3. Research on fundamental methods of inquiry and overarching theories: by examining episodes of practice in an action science.

  4. Research on the process of reflection in action: studying processes whereby practitioners learn to reflect in action.

From: Doing action research in your own organization 2nd Ed.

http://raygungo.springnote.com/pages/1145408

반성적 실천

반성적 실천은 복잡하고 애매한 상황에서 경험과 사전지식에 근거한 판단을 할수 있도록 한다. 반성적 실천은 전문적인 실천과 관련이 있지만 다른 형태의 형식, 비형식 학습 과정에도 적용될 수 있다. 실천적 지식은 반성적 실천의 기초가 되는 지식이지만 반성적실천에는 추상적, 이론적, 기술적 지식도 포함한다.

반성적 실천은 실천가의 다섯가지 실천 지향 유형에 따라 영향을 받는다.

웰링턴과 오스틴은 5가지 지향점을 상호 대립적인 것이 아니라 반성적 실천이 이루어지는 상이한 과정으로 보았다. 그들은 실천가들은 타인들이 선호하는 지향점 뿐만 아니라 그들 스스로의 지향점에 대해서도 인식해야한다고 했다. 사람들의 반성적 실천에 어떤 가정을 가지고 있다고 하더라도 반성적 실천에는 행위에 대한 반성과 행위중의 반성이라는 두가지 핵심적 과정을 포함한다.

행위에 대한 반성 (Reflection on Action)

어떤 상황이 발생한 후에 이루어지는 사고과정이다. 대부분의 연구자들이 반성적 실천이라는 형태로 제시하였으며, 이는 경험에 대한 새로운관점, 행위의 변화, 행위의 수행등 결과를 산출한다. 행위에 대한 반성에 있어서 우리는 의식적으로 우리들이 행한 경험으로 돌아가서 경험을 재평가하고, 다르게 행할수 있는 것이 무엇인지 결정하고 우리들이 결정한 것을 행한다.

행위 중의 반성 (Reflection in Action)

우리가 그런 행위를 수행하는 동안에 행위를 다시 하는 것이다. DonaldSchön은 이 같은 형식의 반성적 과정을 총체적 직업발달의 과정 속에 적용하려고 한 대표자이다.

Application: Leadership Positions

Reflective Practice provides a tremendous development opportunity for those in leadership positions. Managing a team of people requires a delicate balance between people skills and technical expertise, and success in this type of role does not come easily. Reflective Practice provides leaders with an opportunity to critically review what has been successful in the past and where improvement can be made. To support reflective learning organizations have invested in coaching programs for their emerging and established leaders. [ 36 ] Coaching is defined by the International Coaching Federation as partnering with clients in a though provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential. [ 37 ] Leaders frequently engage in self-limiting behaviours because of their over reliance on their preferred ways of reacting and responding. [ 38 ] To help support the establishment of new behavious, coaching is extremely useful as it encourages reflection, critical thinking and transformative learning. Adults have acquired a body of experience throughout their life or frames of reference that define their world. [ 39 ] Coaching programs support the process of questioning and potentially rebuilding these pre-determined frames of reference. The goal is for a leader to maximize their professional potential and in order to do this, there must be a process of critical reflection on current assumptions. [ 40 ]

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_practice

A reflective practice model of clinical supervision

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_practice

David Somerville와 June Keeling은 전문가들이 반성적 실천을 좀 더 쉽게 할 수 있는 8가지 방법을 제안했다:

  1. Seek feedback: Ask "Can you give me some feedback on what I did?"

  2. Ask yourself "What have I learnt today?" and ask others "What have you learnt today?"

  3. Value personal strengths: Identify positive accomplishments and areas for growth

  4. View experiences objectively: Imagine the situation is on stage and you are in the audience

  5. Empathize: Say out loud what you imagine the other person is experiencing

  6. Keep a journal: Record your thoughts, feelings and future plans; look for emerging patterns

  7. Plan for the future: Plan changes in behavior based on the patterns you identified

  8. Create your own future: Combine the virtues of the dreamer, the realist, and the critic

See Also: 책/TheReflectivePractioner

CategoryCoaching

ReflectivePractice (last edited 2023-06-15 10:28:36 by 정수)