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In 1988, Gary and colleagues Roberta Calderwood and Anne Clinton-Cirocco developed a new method of knowledge elicitation, the Critical Decision Method (CDM), as part of a project with fire ground commanders for the U.S. Army Research Institute.

The CDM is a retrospective interview strategy that applies a set of cognitive probes to actual, non-routine events that require expert decision-making. Once an incident is selected, the interviewer uses a semi-structured format to probe different aspects of the decision making process.

The CDM has been used widely to elicit expertise in domains including healthcare, military, emergency response, and more.